Tigray War Publications Repository

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), UK; King's College London / Global Network on Extremism and Technology (GNET), UK; European Cyber Conflict Research Initiative (ECCRI)

Catherine Amirfar; Christopher Bello; Floriane Marie Lavaud; Regina M. Paulose; Madeline Medeiros Pereira; Duncan Mayher Pickard; Michael William Pizzi; Omid Shams; Christel Yumun Tham; Federico Jose Wynter Litwin

Ghent University (Sofie Annys, Tim Vanden Bempt, Lars De Sloover, Robin Ghekiere, Kiara Haegeman, Daan Temmerman, Jan Nyssen); Mekelle University (Emnet

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia (Fikre Belay Tekulu); Department of Management, Business and Economics, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Zubairul Islam).

Bereket Berhe Abreha; Girmatsion Fisseha; Mache Tsadik; Awol Yemane Legesse; Hale Teka; Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Martha Yemane Hadush; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos; Brhane Ayele; Abraha Gebreegziabher Hailu; Haile Tsegay; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Hagos Godefay; Tsega Gebremariam; Tigist Hagos; Kibrom Muoze; Afewerk Mulugeta; Tesfit Gebremeskel

Fisseha Gidey Gebremedhin: Adigrat University; Ikeoluwapo Baruwa: Queen's University. Remaining author affiliations not fully verified from the publication record located.

Aregawi Weldegebreal Weldegiargis; Haftom Temesgen Abebe; Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Meron Micheale Abrha; Tsegay Berihu Tesfay; Rieye Esayas Belay; Alemnesh Abraha Araya; Mengish Bahresilassie Gebregziabher; Hagos Godefay; Afework Mulugeta

No institutional affiliation stated in the publication source located; the author is presented as a personal-testimony contributor and former TDF combatant.

Girmatsion Fisseha; Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwot; Mengistu Welday Gebremichael; Shishay Wahdey; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Awol Yemane Legesse; Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Mache Tsadik; Abraha Woldemichael; Aregawi Gebreyesus; Haftom Temesgen Abebe; Yibrah Alemayehu Haile; Selome Gezahegn; Maru Aregawi; Kiros T. Berhane; Hagos Godefay; Afework Mulugeta

School of Public Health, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Epidemiology, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Midwifery, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; School of Medicine, Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia; Institute of Population Studies, Mekelle University, Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia

Mache Tsadik; Hale Teka; Mengistu Welday Gebremichael; Hailay Gebretnsae; Awol Yemane; Girmatsion Fisseha; Tesfay Gebregzabher; Gerezgiher Buruh; Fana Gebresellasie; Mulu Tekie; Gebretsadik Kiros; Mahlet Mehari; Bisrat Tewelde; Yibrah Alemayehu; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Hagos Godefay

School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; School of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Tigray, Ethiopia; Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Regional Health Bureau, Tigray, Ethiopia

Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Dr Makkar’s Diabetes & Obesity Centre, New Delhi, India; Department of Diabetology, National University of Healthcare, Kyiv, Ukraine; Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK

International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA; University of Florence, Florence, Italy; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

Mulugeta Gebregziabher; Fasika Amdeselassie; Reiye Esayas; Zerihun Abebe; Hannah Silvia; Abeba A. Teklehaimanot; Jeffrey E. Korte; John L. Pearce; James J. Cochran

Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Culverhouse College of Business, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA

Mache Tsadik; Hailay Gebretnsae; Asefa Ayalew; Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Aregawi Gebreyesus; Tigist Hagos; Marta Abrha; Kiros Weldegerima; Birikti Abrha; Gelawdiwos Gebre; Mulubrhan Hagos; Rie Esayas; Mezgebe Gebregeorgis; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Afework Mulugeta

Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Tigray, Ethiopia; Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, Australia

Catherine R. McGowan; Sarah A. Cassidy-Seyoum; Promise Ekoriko; Mervat Alhaffar; Lucia Cassini; Jennifer Palmer; Abdihamid Warsame; Francesco Checchi

Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Hale Teka; Awol Yemane Legesse; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Mache Tsadik; Girmatsion Fisseha; Bereket Berhe; Brhane Ayele; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos; Tesfit Gebremeskel; Tsega Gebremariam; Martha Yemane Hadush; Tigist Hagos; Abraha Gebreegziabher; Kibrom Muez; Haile Tesfay; Hagos Godefay; Afework Mulugeta

College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA; Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia

Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwet; Haftom Temesgen Abebe; Abraha Woldemichael; Kibrom Gebresilassie; Mache Tsadik; Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Girmatsion Fisseha; Kiros Berhane; Aregawi Gebreyesus; Yibrah Alemayoh; Measho Gebresilassie; Hagos Godefay; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Solomon Tesfaye; Elias S. Siraj; Maru W. Aregawi; Afework Mulugeta

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Columbia University, USA; Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia; Torrens University Australia, Australia; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA

Aregawi Gebreyesus; Afework Mulugeta; Abraha Woldemichael; Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Girmatsion Fisseha; Mache Tsadik; Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwot; Mengistu Mitiku; Molla Teferi; Hagos Godifay; Yibrah Alemayehu

Mulugeta Gebregziabher; Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Hale Teka; Abenezer Etsedingl; Tsegay Berihu; Gebru Hailu Redae; Nahom M. Gebreselassie; Araya Abrha Medhanyie; Hagos Godefay; Demoz Gebre-Egziabher; Hannah Wild

Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Emergency Medical Services Case Team, Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Explosive Weapons Trauma Care Collective, International Blast Injury Research Network, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Gebregziabher Berihu Gebrekidan; Hagos Degefa Hidru; Haftom Gebrehiwot Woldearegay; Mengistu Hagazi Tequare; Tedros Bereket; Gebru Hailu Redae; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Yemane Berhane Tesfau; Muzey Gebremichael Berhe; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik; Hailay Gebretnsae; Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu; Weldegerima Gebremedhin Hagos; Aregay Gebremedhin Gebreset; Micheale Hagos Debesay; Rieye Esayas; Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Mache Tsadik

College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia; College of Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

Atsede Gebrekidan; Hansa Haftu; Berhane Yohannes Hailu; Dawit Zenebe; Migbnesh Gebremedhin; Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Abadi Luel; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Elias S. Siraj

Department of Pediatrics, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia; College of Health Science, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Quality Management Office, Tigray, Ethiopia; Research Centre for Public Health, Equity, and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA

Aregawi Gebreyesus; Asqual Gebreslassie Gebremariam; Kokob Gebru Kidanu; Solomon Gidey; Hansa Haftu; Afewerki Tesfahunegn Nigusse; Fiyori Shishay; Liya Mamo

Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Biostatistics, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Abenezer Etsedingl; Teklehaimanot Tekle Hailemariam; Mengistu Hagazi Tequare; Tesfay Hailu; Amanuel Tesfay Tsegay; Abraha Gebreegziabher Hailu; Simret Niguse Weldebirhan; Melaku Hailu; Negash Abreha Weldesenbet; Girmatsion Fisseha; Yibrah Alemayehu

Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Emergency Medical Services Case Team, Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Health Systems, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

Aregawi Gebreyesus; Afewerki Tesfahunegn Niguse; Fiyori Shishay; Liya Mamo; Teklit Gebremedhin; Kahsu Tsegay; Asqual Gebreslasie Gebremariam; Kokob Gebru Kidanu; Solomon Gidey; Fisaha Tesfay

Hansa Haftu; Migbnesh Gebremedhin Weledegebriel; Abraha Gebre-Egziabher; Teklu Gebrehiwot; Dawit Zenebe; Bereket Berhe; Hailay Gebremeskel; Freweini Melese; Simon Gebretsadik

Kibrom Gebreselasie Gebrehiwot; Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergis; Measho Gebreslasie Gebregziabher; Teklay Gebrecherkos; Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam; Hailay Gebretnsae; Gebregziabher Berihu; Letebrhan Weldemhret; Goyitom Gebremedhn; Tsegay Wellay; Hadish Bekuretsion; Aregay Gebremedhin; Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwet; Gebretsadik Berhe

Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Hailay Gebretnsae; Hagos Degefa Hidru; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Gebregziabher Berihu Gebrekidan; Mengistu Hagazi Tequare; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Yemane Berhane Tesfau; Haftom Gebrehiwot Woldearegay; Tedros Bereket; Gebru Hailu Redae; Muzey Gebremichael Berhe; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik; Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu; Weldegerima Gebremedhin Hagos; Mache Tsadik

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; Adigrat University, Ethiopia; Aksum University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Ethiopia

University of Missouri–Columbia, School of Medicine (Mebrahtu G. Tedla); Mekelle University, Institute of Population Studies (Kibrom F. Berhe); Tigray Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Shire, Ethiopia (Kibrom M. Grmay)

Migbnesh Gebremedhin Weledegebriel; Haftom Temesgen Abebe; Kidu Gidey; Haileselassie Bisrat; Tekae Gebru; Niguse Tsegay; Bisrat Tesfay Abera; Hailay Gebremeskel; Demoze Asmerom; Angesom Gebreweld; Fikadu Miruts; Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun; Kiflom Hagos; Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwet

Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Mengistu Hagazi Tequare; Hale Teka; Micheal Berhe Gebremedhin; Kibrom Gebreselassie Desta; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Awol Yemane; Sintayehu Misgina Gebremariam; Kibrom Berhanu Gebresilassie; Tesfay Hailu Tekle; Mussie Tesfay Atsbaha; Ephrem Berhe; Bereket Berhe; Derbew Fikadu Berhe; Mulugeta Gebregziabher; L. Lewis Wall

Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Shfare; Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun; Kibriti Mehari Kidane; Tsega Kahsay Gebremeskel; Mahmud Abdulkader Mahmud; Tsehaye Asmelash Degene

Hailay Gebretnsae; Brhane Ayele; Fana Gebresilassie; Tsegay Hadgu; Hayelom Kahsay; Asfawosen Aregay; Kiros Demoz; Mulugeta Tilahun; Ataklti Gebretsadik; Znabu Hadush; Liya Mamo; Tsegay Wellay; Reda Shamie; Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh; Mebrahtu Kalayu; Assefa Ayallew; Ferehiwot Hailemariam; Abrham Gebrelibanos; Tadele Tesfean; Haben Haileselassie; Mohammedtahir Yahya; Melaku Abraha; Haftu Gebrehiwot; Desalegn Meresa; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Atakilti Fisseha; Yaynshet Gebreyohannes; Moges Mekonnen; Ashenafi Asmelash; Teame Zegeye; Mitswat Mulaw; Tesfu Alemu; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos; Rieye Esayas; Tsegay Berihu; Amanuel Haile; Araya Abrha Medhanyie; Mussie Alemayehu; Afework Mulugeta

Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Birhanu Tewoldemedhin Abirha; Askual Girmay Tesfay; Kelali Kaleaye Gebreyowhannes; Hayelom Birhanu Abraha; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Mesele Bahre Abrha; Mache Tsadik; Tesfay Gebregziabher Gebrehiwet; Aregawi Gebreyesus; Tilahun Desalew; Yibrah Alemayehu; Afework Mulugeta

Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Ethiopia; OXFAM Emergency Response - Tigray Field Office, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Awol Yemane Legesse; Znabu Hadush; Hale Teka; Ephrem Berhe; Bisrat Tesfay Abera; Fasika Amdeselassie; Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Daniel Gebre; Alessandra N. Bazzano

Medical University of Vienna, Austria; MediCent Ostrava, Czech Republic; University Hospital Brno / Masaryk University, Czech Republic; Hospital České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Private Practice, Vienna, Austria

Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik; Andargachew Kassa Biratu; Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay; Amanuel Gessessew; Zohra S. Lassi; Hailemariam Segni; Afework Mulugeta

Hadush Gebregziabher; Amaha Kahsay; Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin Gebretsadik; Tedros Bereket; Teklay Negash Gebregziabher; Micheale Yifter Weldemichael; Afework Mulugeta; Alem Gebremariam

Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (Hadush Gebregziabher, Amaha Kahsay, Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin Gebretsadik, Tedros Bereket, Afework Mulugeta); Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics (Teklay Negash Gebregziabher); Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Biotechnology (Micheale Yifter Weldemichael); Adigrat University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health; Tigray Health Research Institute (Alem Gebremariam)

Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin Gebretsadik; Mahlet Abraha; Tedros Bereket; Ferehiwot Hailemariam; Freweini Gebrearegay; Tigist Hagos; Mizan Assefa; Kidanemaryam Berhe; Hadush Gebregziabher; Amaha Kahsay Adhanu; Mekonnen Haileselassie; Mulugeta Gebregziabher; Afework Mulugeta

Goitom Girmay; Berhane Hailu Gebrezgi; Hiwot Gebrewahid; Aman Teklu; Guesh Mebrahtom; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Ebud Ayele Dagnazgi; Fireweyni Fisshatsion; Birhane Mekonen Negash

Ferehiwot Hailemariam Tesfa; Znabu Hadush Kahsay; Tadele Tesfean; Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh; Brhane Ayele; Tsegay Hadgu; Hailay Gebretnsae; Moges Mekonnen; Ataklti Fisseha; Yaynshet Gebreyohannes; Joy Kenyi; Hnin Su Mon; Hayelom Kahsay; Ashenafi Asmelash; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos; Mussie Alemayehu; Araya Abrha Medhanyie

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; MARCH Research Center, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Ethiopia; UNICEF Tigray Field Office, Ethiopia; Mums for Mums, Ethiopia

Assefa Ayalew Gebrselassie; Mussie Alemayehu; Haftu Gebrehiwot; Brhane Ayele; Hailay Gebretnsae; Ferehiwot Hailemariam; Tsegay Wellay; Adhena Ayalew; Araya Abrha Medhanyie; Znabu Hadush Kahsay; Liya Mamo; Mebrahtu Kalayu Chekole; Reda Shamie; Mohammedtahir Yahya; Melaku Abraha; Hayelom Kahsay; Tsegay Hadgu; Fana Gebreslassie; Asfawosen Aregay; Kiros Demoz; Mulugeta Tilahun; Mulugeta Woldu; Ataklti Gebrtsadik; Abraham Aregay Desta; Gebrehaweria Gebrekuristos; Amanuel Haile; Rieye Esayas; Tsegay Berihu; Abrham Gebrelibanos; Tadele Tesfean; Ashenafi Asmelash; Afework Mulugeta Bezabh

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; MARCH Research Center, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Mekelle Hamlin Fistula Center, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Ethiopia; Mums for Mums, Ethiopia

Hale Teka; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Rahel Nardos; Awol Yemane Legesse; Yibrah Berhe; Haileselassie Berhe; Mulugeta Gebregziabher; Gebre-Egziabher Kiros

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; University of Minnesota, USA; Medical University of South Carolina, USA; Florida A&M University, USA

Migbnesh Gebremedhin Weledegebriel; Afewerki Tesfahunegn Nigusse; Tekae Gebru; Hansa Haftu; Teklu Gebrehiwet; Niguse Tsegay; Bisrat Tesfay Abera; Eden Kassahun; Atsede Gebrekidan; Berhane Yohannes Hailu; Samuel Kidane; Rishan Tesfay Desta

Kibrom Teklay Gebru; Hailay Gebretnsae; Harnet Adane; Negasi Gebremeskel; Mulat Tadesse; Tsegay Hadgu; Brhane Ayele; Cinzia Destefanis; Maria Teresa Giraudo; Fulvio Ricceri

Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (Sophie von Russdorf, Marta Favara); Paris School of Economics, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France (Laura Ahlborn); Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University, United Kingdom (Alessandra Hidalgo-Arestegui, Gerald McQuade)

Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

Hailay Gebretnsae; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Mache Tsadik; Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Mengistu Hagazi Tequare; Gebregziabher Berihu Gebrekidan; Gebru Hailu Redae; Tedros Bereket; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Yemane Berhane Tesfau; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik; Muzey Gebremichael Berhe; Hagos Degefa Hidru; Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu; Micheale Hagos Debesay; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos; Rieye Esayas; Haftom Gebrehiwot Woldearegay

Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; Adigrat University, Ethiopia; Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Aksum University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Ethiopia

Girmatsion Fisseha Abreha; Hadgay Hagos Adhanu; Abera Berhe Aregawi; Alem Desta Wuneh; Freweni Tesfay; Gebretsadik Kiros Lema; Balem Demstu; Hale Teka; Awol Yemane; Hagos Gidey; Kibrom Berhanu Gebreselassie; Tigist Hagos; Helen Bitew Tareke; Tensay Kahsay W/gebriel; Yemane Berhane Tesfau; Brhane Ayele; Ataklti Hailu Atsbaha; Teame Zegeye; Yaynshet Gebreyohannes Redda; Abrahim Hassen; Hagos Godefay; Afework Mulugeta

School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Mayo Clinic, USA; Fundación Valle del Lili, Colombia; Universidad Icesi, Colombia; Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Birhane Alem Berihu; Afework Mulugeta; Tony Magana; Masresha Tessema; Tafere Gebreegziabher; Yibrah Berhe; Abadi Leul Welderufael; Hayelom Kebede Mekonen

Mekonnen Haileselassie; Hayelom Kahsay; Tesfay Teklemariam; Ataklti Gebretsadik; Ataklti Gessesse; Abraham Aregay Desta; Haftamu Kebede; Nega Mamo; Degnesh Negash; Mengish Bahresilassie; Rieye Esayas; Amanuel Haile; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher; Amaha Kahsay; Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs; Hagos Amare; Afework Mulugeta

Tigray Health Research Institute, Tigray, Ethiopia (Mekonnen Haileselassie, Hayelom Kahsay, Tesfay Teklemariam, Ataklti Gebretsadik, Ataklti Gessesse, Abraham Aregay Desta, Haftamu Kebede, Nega Mamo, Degnesh Negash); Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Tigray, Ethiopia (Mengish Bahresilassie, Rieye Esayas, Amanuel Haile); Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Tigray, Ethiopia (Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher, Amaha Kahsay, Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs, Hagos Amare, Afework Mulugeta)

Liya Mamo Weldu; Haben Haileselasie; Znabu Hadush Kahsay; Brhane Ayele; Tsegay Hadgu; Hailay Gebretnsae; Hayelom Kahsay; Ashenafi Asmelash; Tesfu Alemu; Melaku Abrha; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstose; Mussie Alemayehu Geberselassie; Araya Abrha Medhanyie

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; MARCH Research Center, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Ethiopia; Mums for Mums, Ethiopia; UNFPA Tigray Field Office, Ethiopia; Mekelle Hamlin Fistula Center, Ethiopia

Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (Henrike Schulte to Bühne); Conflict and Environment Observatory (Eoghan Darbyshire, Doug Weir); Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Teklehaymanot G. Weldemichel); Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (Jan Nyssen); King’s College London, United Kingdom (Doug Weir).

National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Geography, Climate Hazards Center (Seth Peterson, Greg Husak, Shraddhanand Shukla); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA (Amy McNally)

Mache Tsadik; Haftom Gebrehiwot Woldearegay; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Hailay Gebretnsae; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Yemane Berhane Tesfau; Hagos Degefa Hidru; Tedros Bereket; Mengistu Hagazi Tequare; Gebru Hailu Redae; Gebregziabher Berihu Gebrekidan; Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu; Muzey Gebremichael Berhe; Kibrom Muoze Teklemariam; Micheale Hagos Debesay; Rieye Esayas; Weldegerima Gebremedhin Hagos; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos; Mulat Tadesse; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik; Akeza Awealom Asgedom

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Adigrat University, Ethiopia; Aksum University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Ethiopia

Ghent University, Belgium (Jan Nyssen, Kiara Haegeman, Sofie Annys); Oregon State University, USA (Emnet Negash); Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (Bert Van Schaeybroeck)

Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Adigrat University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Pedagogy, Religion and Social Studies, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway

Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Pedagogy, Religion, and Social Studies, Norway; Adigrat University, Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Ethiopia (Hafte Gebreselassie Gebrihet); Aksum University, Department of Economics, Ethiopia (Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie)

Sudanese National Academy of Sciences (Ayman Ahmed); National Centre for Research, Sudan (Nouh Saad Mohamed); Nile University (Emmanuel Edwar Siddig); Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan (Talha Algaily, Suad Sulaiman, Yousif Ali)

Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher; Fitiwi Tinsae Baykemagn; Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwet; Yared Tbebu Gebru; Ataklti Gebreyowhanes; Afework Mulugeta

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes; Jan Nyssen; Emnet Negash; Hailemariam Meaza; Zbelo Tesfamariam; Amaury Frankl; Biadgilgn Demissie; Bert Van Schaeybroeck; Alem Redda; Sofie Annys; Fetien Abay

Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes Asfaha, Hailemariam Meaza); Ghent University, Belgium (Jan Nyssen); Oregon State University, USA (Emnet Negash); other co-authors’ affiliations were not fully confirmed

Stanford University, Department of Earth System Science and Center on Food Security and the Environment (Liya Weldegebriel, David B. Lobell); Mekelle University, Institute of Climate and Society (Emnet Negash); Ghent University, Department of Geography (Emnet Negash, Jan Nyssen)

Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Pedagogy, Religion, and Social Studies, Norway; Adigrat University, Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Ethiopia (Hafte Gebreselassie Gebrihet); Aksum University, Department of Economics, Ethiopia (Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie)

Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Adigrat University, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Pedagogy, Religion and Social Studies, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway

University of Maryland, USA (Hannah R. Kerner, Benjamin Yeh, Sergii Skakun, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Ivan Zvonkov); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA (Amy McNally); Catherine Nakalembe is affiliated with the University of Maryland and NASA Harvest, USA

Aksum University, Department of Economics, Axum, Ethiopia (Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie); Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Pedagogy, Religion, and Social Studies, Norway; Adigrat University, Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Ethiopia (Hafte Gebreslassie Gebrihet); Aksum University, Department of Accounting and Finance, Axum, Ethiopia; Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Doctoral School of Economics and Regional Sciences, Hungary (Beyene Gebremichael Gessesow)

Jan Nyssen; Emnet Negash; Hailemariam Meaza; Sofie Annys; Mitiku Haile; Zbelo Tesfamariam; Jean Poesen; Jozef Deckers; Jan Moeyersons; Amanuel Zenebe; Amaury Frankl; Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes

Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (Jan Nyssen, Emnet Negash, Sofie Annys, Amaury Frankl); Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Jan Nyssen, Hailemariam Meaza, Zbelo Tesfamariam, Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes); College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, USA (Emnet Negash); Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Mitiku Haile, Amanuel Zenebe); Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, KU Leuven, Belgium (Jean Poesen, Jozef Deckers); Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland (Jean Poesen); Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium (Jan Moeyersons); Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Amanuel Zenebe)

Mache Tsadik; Awol Yemane Legesse; Hale Teka; Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Girmatsion Fisseha; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Bereket Berhe; Martha Yemane Hadush; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos; Brhane Ayele; Haile Tsegay; Tesfit Gebremeskel; Tsega Gebremariam; Tigist Hagos; Abraha Gebreegziabher; Kibrom Muoze; Afewerk Mulugeta; Mulugeta Gebregziabher; Hagos Godefay

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia; Medical University of South Carolina, USA

Awol Yemane Legesse; Hale Teka Tseghay; Hiluf Ebuy Abraha; Girmatsion Fisseha; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Mache Tsadik; Bereket Berhe; Gebrehaweria Gebrekurstos; Brhane Ayele; Tesfit Gebremeskel; Tsega Gebremariam; Marta Yemane Hadush; Tigist Hagos; Abreha Gebreziabiher; Kibrom Muez; Afework Mulugeta; Haile Tesfay; Hagos Godefay

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; Tigray Regional

Hansa Haftu; Afewerk Tesfahunegn; Teklit Gebremedhin; Tekae Gebru; Niguse Tsegay; Haftu Hailu; Abraha Gebreegziabher; Amanuel Hadgu; Migbnesh Gebremedhin; Birhane Yohhanes

Pediatrics, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Pediatric and Child Health, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Akeza Awealom Asgedom; Gebru Hailu Redae; Hailay Gebretnsae; Mengistu Hagazi Tequare; Hagos Degefa Hidru; Gebregziabher Berihu Gebrekidan; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim; Mulugeta Cherinet; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik; Haftom Gebrehiwot Woldearegay; Yemane Berhane Tesfau; Tedros Bereket; Muzey Gebremichael Berhe; Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Micheale Hagos Debesay; Rieye Esayas; Mache Tsadik

Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; Adigrat University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Bureau, Ethiopia; Aksum University, Ethiopia

Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Kiflu Gebremicael Tesfamicael; Lillian Mwanri; Tesfay Mehari Atey; Amanuel Gebremedhin; Kidane Gebremariam; Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema; Semira Hailu; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Kalayu Miruts; Michael Musker; Dejen Tekle; Mulu Woldegiorgis; Paul Ward

Torrens University Australia, Australia; Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Tigray Health Research Institute, Ethiopia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia; University of Adelaide, Australia; Curtin University, Australia; Edith Cowan University, Australia; Deakin University, Australia; University of New South Wales, Australia

Haftom Legese; Hadush Negash; Yonas Angaw; Getachew Belay; Gebretekle Gebremicheal Hailesilase; Haylay Araya Gebrezgabiher; Gebrecherkos Teame Gebrehiwot; Haftay Gebremedhin; Letebrhan Weldemhret; Brhane Berhe

Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Research, Biomedical Research and Technology Transfer, Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

University of Khartoum, Sudan; Sirius Training and Research Centre, Sudan; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland; Sudan Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan; Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Netherlands

Hailay Gesesew; Kiros Berhane; Elias S. Siraj; Dawd Siraj; Mulugeta Gebregziabher; Yemane Gebremariam Gebre; Samuel Aregay Gebreslassie; Fasika Amdeslassie; Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema; Amir Siraj; Maru Aregawi; Selome Gezahegn; Fisaha Haile Tesfay

Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Columbia University, New York, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Ayder Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Hennepin Healthcare / University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Deakin University, Victoria, Australia

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Abdu Mohammad, Abraha Gebrekidan Asgedom); Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), KU Leuven, Belgium (Abraha Gebrekidan Asgedom); Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia (Kebede Nigussie Mokenen)

Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik; Andargachew Kassa Biratu; Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay; Afework Mulugeta; Amanuel Gessessew; Zohra S. Lassi

Adigrat University, Ethiopia; Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, Ethiopia; University of Adelaide, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia

Emnet Negash; Emiru Birhane; Aster Gebrekirstos; Mewcha Amha Gebremedhin; Sofie Annys; Meley Mekonen Rannestad; Daniel Hagos Berhe; Amare Sisay; Tewodros Alemayehu; Tsegai Berhane; Belay Manjur Gebru; Negasi Solomon; Jan Nyssen

Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (Emnet Negash, Sofie Annys, Jan Nyssen); Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Emnet Negash, Emiru Birhane); Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Emiru Birhane); Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway (Emiru Birhane, Meley Mekonen Rannestad); World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya (Aster Gebrekirstos); Department of Water Resources, University of Twente, the Netherlands (Mewcha Amha Gebremedhin); Institute of Geo-Information and Earth Observation Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Mewcha Amha Gebremedhin); Department of Natural Resources Management, Adigrat University, Ethiopia (Daniel Hagos Berhe, Amare Sisay); School of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Tewodros Alemayehu); College of Law and Governance, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Tsegai Berhane); Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Ethiopia (Belay Manjur Gebru, Negasi Solomon)

Afewerki Tesfahunegn Nigusse; Mebrahtom Hafte Amaha; Tesfay Hailu; Haylay Gebreagziabher Gebremariam; Lucia Cazzoletti; Maria E. Zanolin; Abrha Bsrat Hailu; Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu

Department of Civics and Ethics, Faculty of Governance and Peace Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Institute of Population Studies, Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Fisseha Gidey Gebremedhin: Adigrat University; Ikeoluwapo Baruwa: Queen's University. Remaining author affiliations not fully verified from the publication record located.

School of Humanities and Social Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia; Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia

Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission, Ethiopia; Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

No institutional affiliation stated in the publication source located; the author is presented as a personal-testimony contributor and former TDF combatant.

Helsinki Institute for Social Sciences and Humanities (HSSH), University of Helsinki, Finland; Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland

Faculty of Law / College of Law and Governance Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Center for Federalism and Governance Studies, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; International Security Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

Teklay Negash Gebregziabher; Micheale Yifter Weldemicheal; Hadush Gebregziabher Tsegay; Gidey Kidu Mezgebo; Haftu Etsay Kelebe; Guesh Endrias Haile

Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics (Teklay Negash Gebregziabher, Gidey Kidu Mezgebo, Haftu Etsay Kelebe, Guesh Endrias Haile); Mekelle University, Department of Biotechnology (Micheale Yifter Weldemicheal); Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (Hadush Gebregziabher Tsegay)

Faculty of Liberal Arts and Ancient Indian Wisdom, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; Centre for International Politics, Organization and Disarmament, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia: Economy Sector (Ashenafi Manaye, Aklilu Afewerk); Technology Sector (Belay Manjur, Negasi Solomon).

Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia: Economy Sector (Ashenafi Manaye, Aklilu Afewerk); Technology Sector (Belay Manjur, Negasi Solomon).

Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia: Economy Sector (Ashenafi Manaye, Aklilu Afewerk); Technology Sector (Belay Manjur, Negasi Solomon).

Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia: Economy Sector (Ashenafi Manaye, Aklilu Afewerk); Technology Sector (Belay Manjur, Negasi Solomon).

Mekelle University, Institute of Population Studies (Tslalmuz Haileslasie Desta); Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences (Mengistu Welday Gebremichael, Alemseged Gerezgiher Hailu), Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.

Gebremedhin Berhane; Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes; Miruts Hagos; Abdelwassie Huessien; Aregawi Gebrekirstos; Kaleab Adhena Abera; Thomas Hermans; Kristine Walraevens

School of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University (Gebremedhin Berhane, Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes, Miruts Hagos, Abdelwassie Huessien); Rural Water Supply Department, Abergelle-Yechila Woreda (Aregawi Gebrekirstos); Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology, Ghent University (Kaleab Adhena Abera, Thomas Hermans, Kristine Walraevens).

Ghent University, Department of Geography (Biadgilgn Demissie, Jan Nyssen, Sofie Annys, Emnet Negash); other coauthors include Tesfakiros Gebrehiwet, Fetien Abay, and Eleonore Wolff, whose affiliations were not fully resolved from the landing page used.

Mekelle University (Solomon Hishe; Eskinder Gidey; Amanuel Zenebe); Addis Ababa University (Woldeamlak Bewket); University of Dar es Salaam (James Lyimo); University of the Witwatersrand (Jasper Knight; also Eskinder Gidey); Enderta District Administration Office, South Eastern Tigray (Tsegay Gebretekle).

Hafte Gebreselassie Gebrihet: Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Adigrat University, Ethiopia. Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie: Aksum University and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Hafte Gebreselassie Gebrihet: Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Adigrat University, Ethiopia. Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie: Aksum University and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Hafte Gebreselassie Gebrihet: Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Adigrat University, Ethiopia. Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie: Aksum University and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Tigrai Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Teka Araya); Department of International Trade, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea (Sung-Kyu Lee).

Shoolini University (Daniel Gidey Derbew); affiliations for the remaining coauthors were not fully verified from publication-specific evidence.

Department of Pedagogy, Religion and Social Studies, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (Hafte Gebreselassie Gebrihet); Department of Economics, Aksum University (Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie).

Azeb Gebreigziabher; Aregawi Beyene; Zenebe Abraha; Woldegebreal Zeweld; Teklay Negash; Leake Gebreslassie; Guesh Endrias; Tsahaynesh Hagos; Gebremedhin Mamoy; Abrhaley Redae; Abrhaley Gebrehiwot; Wolie Gebremicheal

Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources: Agricultural and Resource Economics; Rural Development and Agricultural Extension; Dryland Crop and Horticultural Science.

United States International University–Africa; author biography also identifies Berita Mutinda Musau as a doctoral fellow at Strathmore University.

Mekelle University (Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection; Institute of Climate and Society; Institute of Water and Environment; Institute of Geo-Information and Earth Observation Sciences; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies); Nord University, Norway; Imperial College London, UK; Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Ethiopia; Florida Gulf Coast University, USA; University of Twente, Netherlands.

Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Mekelle University (Haile Tewele Berhe, Haftu Etsay Kelebe, Ataklti Hailu Abrha); Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University & Research (Haftu Etsay Kelebe); Department of Agricultural Economics, Adigrat University (Alemu Girmay Wuyu).

Mekelle University (Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes, Zbelo Tesfamariam, Girmay Gebresamuel; publication/research records also associate Hailemariam Meaza); Ghent University, Department of Geography (Jan Nyssen); remaining coauthor affiliations require PDF-level mapping for exact author-to-institution assignment.

Jan Nyssen; Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes; Emnet Negash; Hailemariam Meaza; Zbelo Tesfamariam; Amaury Frankl; Kiara Haegeman; Bert Van Schaeybroeck; Alem Redda; Fetien Abay; Sofie Annys; Biadgilgn Demissie

Ghent University (Jan Nyssen); Mekelle University (Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes, Hailemariam Meaza and other Tigray-based coauthors); Emnet Negash is listed in a publication record with Oregon State University; exact mapping for all 12 authors should be taken from the chapter front matter.

Ataklti Gebretsadik Woldegebriel; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher Gebrehiwot; Ataklti Gessesse Teka; Hagos Amare Gebreyesus; Tesfay Teklemariam Weldeslassie; Abraham Aregay Desta; Haftamu Kebede Yigzaw; Nega Mamo Bezabih; Haylom Kahsay Baryau; Mekonnen Haileselassie; Mengish Bahresilase Gebregziabiher

Tigray Health Research Institute; Adigrat University; Mekelle University. The publication assigns individual authors across these institutions.

Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources: Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

French Centre for Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; CNRS, Institut des Sciences Sociales du Politique, France; Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France

Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University: Jesutimilehin O. Akamo, Coordinator of Research and Policy Analysis; Theodros Fisseha, PhD student.

School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), Columbia University, New York, USA; Institute of African Studies, Columbia University, USA

Mekelle University / Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia; Leiden University / Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands; Tilburg University, Netherlands

Department of Biology, Mekelle University, and School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield (Gidey Yirga); School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield (Robert P. Freckleton; Andrew P. Beckerman).

Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, College of Dry Land Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia (both authors).

Haftay Gebreyesus Gebreziher; Simon Zebelo; Yohannes Gerezihier Gebremedhin; Gebremedhin Welu Teklu; Yemane Kahsay Berhe; Daniel Hagos Berhe; Araya Kahsay Gerezgiher; Araya Kiros Weldetnsae; Zinabu Hailu; Gebrekidan Tesfay Weldeslasse; Gebremariam Gebrezgabher Gebremedhin; Tsegay Kahsay Gebrekidan; Zaid Negash; Beira H. Meressa; Liberato Portillo

Adigrat University (multiple departments including Horticulture, Natural Resource Management, Plant Sciences, Geography & Environmental Studies, Chemical Engineering, Animal Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Economics); University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Germany; University of Guadalajara, Mexico.

Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands; Europe External Programme with Africa (EEPA); Research Network Globalisation, Accessibility, Innovation and Care (GAIC); Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Haftu Gebrehiwot Gebremeskel; Mebrahtom Hafte Amaha; Equbay Gebregziabher Gebru; Senait Haddis Abebe; Samuael Aregay Gebreslassie; Michele Hagos Debesay; Rieye Esayas Belay; Gidey Gebrelibanos Gebreslassie; Amanuel M. Haile; Afeworki Tesfahunegn Nigusse

Kibrom Berhanu Gebresilassie; Mengistu Hagazi Tequare; Micheal Berhe Gebremedhin; Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam; Tesfay Hailu Tekle; Teame Tekleab Gebremedhin; Kidanemariam Alem Berhie; Hailemariam Berhe; Hiluf Ebuy Abraha

Mulawarman University, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, International Relations program, Indonesia (based on journal/university hosting and article context; publication-specific author line does not print the affiliation in the extracted first page).

Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, Ayder Specialized Comprehensive Hospital (Dawit Bekuretsion); Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University (Ashenafi Damte; Hagos Tsegabirhan).

Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Tigrayan population and Ethiopian political actors are substantively discussed; documentary/historical-political analysis rather than a sampled human population.

Mekonnen Haileselassie; Hayelom Kahsay; Tesfay Teklemariam; Ataklti Gebretsadik; Ataklti Gessesse; Abraham Aregay Desta; Haftamu Kebede; Nega Mamo; Degnesh Negash; Mengish Bahresilassie; Rieye Esayas; Amanuel Haile; Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher; Amaha Kahsay; Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs; Hagos Amare; Afework Mulugeta

Tigray Health Research Institute, Tigray, Ethiopia (Mekonnen Haileselassie, Hayelom Kahsay, Tesfay Teklemariam, Ataklti Gebretsadik, Ataklti Gessesse, Abraham Aregay Desta, Haftamu Kebede, Nega Mamo, Degnesh Negash); Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Tigray, Ethiopia (Mengish Bahresilassie, Rieye Esayas, Amanuel Haile); Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Tigray, Ethiopia (Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher, Amaha Kahsay, Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs, Hagos Amare, Afework Mulugeta)

Stanford University, Department of Earth System Science and Center on Food Security and the Environment (Liya Weldegebriel, David B. Lobell); Mekelle University, Institute of Climate and Society (Emnet Negash); Ghent University, Department of Geography (Emnet Negash, Jan Nyssen)

University of Maryland, USA (Hannah R. Kerner, Benjamin Yeh, Sergii Skakun, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Ivan Zvonkov); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA (Amy McNally); Catherine Nakalembe is affiliated with the University of Maryland and NASA Harvest, USA

Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia: Economy Sector (Ashenafi Manaye, Aklilu Afewerk); Technology Sector (Belay Manjur, Negasi Solomon).

Gebremedhin Berhane; Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes; Miruts Hagos; Abdelwassie Huessien; Aregawi Gebrekirstos; Kaleab Adhena Abera; Thomas Hermans; Kristine Walraevens

School of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University (Gebremedhin Berhane, Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes, Miruts Hagos, Abdelwassie Huessien); Rural Water Supply Department, Abergelle-Yechila Woreda (Aregawi Gebrekirstos); Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology, Ghent University (Kaleab Adhena Abera, Thomas Hermans, Kristine Walraevens).

Ghent University, Department of Geography (Biadgilgn Demissie, Jan Nyssen, Sofie Annys, Emnet Negash); other coauthors include Tesfakiros Gebrehiwet, Fetien Abay, and Eleonore Wolff, whose affiliations were not fully resolved from the landing page used.

Shoolini University (Daniel Gidey Derbew); affiliations for the remaining coauthors were not fully verified from publication-specific evidence.

Jan Nyssen; Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes; Emnet Negash; Hailemariam Meaza; Zbelo Tesfamariam; Amaury Frankl; Kiara Haegeman; Bert Van Schaeybroeck; Alem Redda; Fetien Abay; Sofie Annys; Biadgilgn Demissie

Ghent University (Jan Nyssen); Mekelle University (Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes, Hailemariam Meaza and other Tigray-based coauthors); Emnet Negash is listed in a publication record with Oregon State University; exact mapping for all 12 authors should be taken from the chapter front matter.

Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources: Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, College of Dry Land Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia (both authors).

Haftay Gebreyesus Gebreziher; Simon Zebelo; Yohannes Gerezihier Gebremedhin; Gebremedhin Welu Teklu; Yemane Kahsay Berhe; Daniel Hagos Berhe; Araya Kahsay Gerezgiher; Araya Kiros Weldetnsae; Zinabu Hailu; Gebrekidan Tesfay Weldeslasse; Gebremariam Gebrezgabher Gebremedhin; Tsegay Kahsay Gebrekidan; Zaid Negash; Beira H. Meressa; Liberato Portillo

Adigrat University; University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Germany; University of Guadalajara, Mexico

University of Missouri–Columbia, School of Medicine, USA (Mebrahtu G. Tedla); Mekelle University, Institute of Population Studies, Tigray, Ethiopia (Kibrom F. Berhe); Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Shire, Tigray, Ethiopia (Kibrom M. Grmay)

Climate Hazards Center, Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA (Seth Peterson, Greg Husak, Shraddhanand Shukla); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA (Amy McNally)

Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (Jan Nyssen, Kiara Haegeman, Sofie Annys); Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Emnet Negash); Department of Meteorological Research and Development, Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Belgium (Bert Van Schaeybroeck)

Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes; Jan Nyssen; Emnet Negash; Hailemariam Meaza; Zbelo Tesfamariam; Amaury Frankl; Biadgilgn Demissie; Bert Van Schaeybroeck; Alem Redda; Sofie Annys; Fetien Abay

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium; Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Department of Meteorological Research and Development, Royal Meteorological Institute, Belgium; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Belgium; INRAE/AMAP, University of Montpellier, France; May Tsebri Agricultural Research Centre, Shire, Tigray, Ethiopia; Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Teklay Negash Gebregziabher; Micheale Yifter Weldemicheal; Hadush Gebregziabher Tsegay; Gidey Kidu Mezgebo; Haftu Etsay Kelebe; Guesh Endrias Haile

Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics (Teklay Negash Gebregziabher, Gidey Kidu Mezgebo, Haftu Etsay Kelebe, Guesh Endrias Haile); Mekelle University, Department of Biotechnology (Micheale Yifter Weldemicheal); Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (Hadush Gebregziabher Tsegay)

Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia: Economy Sector (Ashenafi Manaye, Aklilu Afewerk); Technology Sector (Belay Manjur, Negasi Solomon).

Mekelle University, Institute of Population Studies (Tslalmuz Haileslasie Desta); Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences (Mengistu Welday Gebremichael, Alemseged Gerezgiher Hailu), Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.

Sudanese National Academy of Sciences (Ayman Ahmed); National Centre for Research, Sudan (Nouh Saad Mohamed); Nile University (Emmanuel Edwar Siddig); Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan (Talha Algaily, Suad Sulaiman, Yousif Ali)

Aksum University, Department of Economics, Axum, Ethiopia (Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie); Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Pedagogy, Religion, and Social Studies, Norway; Adigrat University, Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Ethiopia (Hafte Gebreslassie Gebrihet); Aksum University, Department of Accounting and Finance, Axum, Ethiopia; Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Doctoral School of Economics and Regional Sciences, Hungary (Beyene Gebremichael Gessesow)

Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (Henrike Schulte to Bühne); Conflict and Environment Observatory (Eoghan Darbyshire, Doug Weir); Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Teklehaymanot G. Weldemichel); Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (Jan Nyssen); King’s College London, United Kingdom (Doug Weir).

Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Pedagogy, Religion, and Social Studies, Norway; Adigrat University, Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Ethiopia (Hafte Gebreselassie Gebrihet); Aksum University, Department of Economics, Ethiopia (Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie)

Jan Nyssen; Emnet Negash; Hailemariam Meaza; Sofie Annys; Mitiku Haile; Zbelo Tesfamariam; Jean Poesen; Jozef Deckers; Jan Moeyersons; Amanuel Zenebe; Amaury Frankl; Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes

Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (Jan Nyssen, Emnet Negash, Sofie Annys, Amaury Frankl); Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Jan Nyssen, Hailemariam Meaza, Zbelo Tesfamariam, Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes); College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, USA (Emnet Negash); Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Mitiku Haile, Amanuel Zenebe); Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, KU Leuven, Belgium (Jean Poesen, Jozef Deckers); Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland (Jean Poesen); Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium (Jan Moeyersons); Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Amanuel Zenebe)

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Abdu Mohammad, Abraha Gebrekidan Asgedom); Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), KU Leuven, Belgium (Abraha Gebrekidan Asgedom); Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia (Kebede Nigussie Mokenen)

Emnet Negash; Emiru Birhane; Aster Gebrekirstos; Mewcha Amha Gebremedhin; Sofie Annys; Meley Mekonen Rannestad; Daniel Hagos Berhe; Amare Sisay; Tewodros Alemayehu; Tsegai Berhane; Belay Manjur Gebru; Negasi Solomon; Jan Nyssen

Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (Emnet Negash, Sofie Annys, Jan Nyssen); Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Emnet Negash, Emiru Birhane); Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Emiru Birhane); Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway (Emiru Birhane, Meley Mekonen Rannestad); World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya (Aster Gebrekirstos); Department of Water Resources, University of Twente, the Netherlands (Mewcha Amha Gebremedhin); Institute of Geo-Information and Earth Observation Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Mewcha Amha Gebremedhin); Department of Natural Resources Management, Adigrat University, Ethiopia (Daniel Hagos Berhe, Amare Sisay); School of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Tewodros Alemayehu); College of Law and Governance, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (Tsegai Berhane); Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Ethiopia (Belay Manjur Gebru, Negasi Solomon)

Tigray Institute of Policy Studies, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia: Economy Sector (Ashenafi Manaye, Aklilu Afewerk); Technology Sector (Belay Manjur, Negasi Solomon).

Gebremedhin Berhane; Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes; Miruts Hagos; Abdelwassie Huessien; Aregawi Gebrekirstos; Kaleab Adhena Abera; Thomas Hermans; Kristine Walraevens

School of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University (Gebremedhin Berhane, Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes, Miruts Hagos, Abdelwassie Huessien); Rural Water Supply Department, Abergelle-Yechila Woreda (Aregawi Gebrekirstos); Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology, Ghent University (Kaleab Adhena Abera, Thomas Hermans, Kristine Walraevens).

Mekelle University (Solomon Hishe; Eskinder Gidey; Amanuel Zenebe); Addis Ababa University (Woldeamlak Bewket); University of Dar es Salaam (James Lyimo); University of the Witwatersrand (Jasper Knight; also Eskinder Gidey); Enderta District Administration Office, South Eastern Tigray (Tsegay Gebretekle).

Hafte Gebreselassie Gebrihet: Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Adigrat University, Ethiopia. Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie: Aksum University and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.